silhouette-of-a-female-in-a-yoga-pose_1048-890.jpg

提到體重過重所引起的心血管疾病 
大多民眾的認知都是指 
心臟冠狀動脈阻塞所引發的心臟梗塞 
或是腦部動脈阻塞所引發的腦中風 
然而體重的問題 
也有可能造成靜脈的阻塞 
也就是所謂的靜脈血栓(venous thrombosis) 

在一般的族群當中 
靜脈血栓發生的機會約為每年千分之二(參考文獻一) 
隨著年紀的增加這樣的機會就越高 
大約有三分之二的靜脈血栓 
都發生在下肢的深層靜脈(參考文獻2) 
可能造成的症狀包括下肢腫脹、疼痛、以及可能導致生命危險的肺部栓塞(pulmonary embolism) 

許多研究都發現 
體重過重就是靜脈血栓的一項危險因子(參考文獻3,4) 
可能的原因包括 
體重過重者體內許多凝血因子的濃度都會上升 
例如第七因子、第八因子、第十二因子以及纖維原(fibrinogen)(參考文獻5, 6, 7)
另外 體重過重者 
靜脈血液也比較容易滯留(venous stasis) 
這也是造成靜脈栓塞的一項重要原因(參考文獻8) 

另外對於體重過重的女性個案來說 
如果同時服用避孕藥 
那麼靜脈血栓的機會更是會大大的增加 (參考文獻9)

為了減少靜脈血栓發生的機率
我們建議要接受減重手術個案 
在手術後應該盡早下床走路 
適當使用彈性襪 
伸展下肢 
以及局部按摩下肢 

我們團隊中的體適能老師 
會在術後適當的時機 
知道個案進行肢體伸展的運動 
這些運動除了可以增加核心肌群 
改善心理健康的功能之外 
也可以避免血栓發生的機會 
請各位接受減重手術的朋友務必要勤加練習

圖片來源http://www.freepik.com/free-vector/silhouette-of-a-female-in-a-yoga-pose_835828.htm#term=yoga&page=4&position=8

參考文獻 
1. Oger, E. (2000) Incidence of venous thromboembolism: a community-based study in Western France. EPI-GETBP Study Group. Groupe d'Etude de la Thrombose de Bretagne Occidentale. Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 83, 657–660. 
2. Anderson, Jr, F.A., Wheeler, H.B., Goldberg, R.J., Hosmer, D.W., Patwardhan, N.A., Jovanovic, B., Forcier, A. & Dalen, J.E. (1991) A population-based perspective of the hospital incidence and case-fatality rates of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. The Worcester DVT Study. Archives of Internal Medicine, 151, 933–938. 
3. Oren, E., Smith, N.L., Doggen, C.J.M., Heckbert, S.R. & Lemaitre, R.N. (2006) Body mass index and the risk of venous thrombosis among postmenopausal women. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 4, 2273–2275. 
4. Stein, P.D., Beemath, A. & Olson, R.E. (2005) Obesity as a risk factor in venous thromboembolism. The American Journal of Medicine, 118, 978–980.
5. De Pergola, G., De Mitrio, V., Giorgino, F., Sciaraffia, M., Minenna, A., Di Bari, L., Pannacciulli, N. & Giorgino, R. (1997) Increase in both pro-thrombotic and anti-thrombotic factors in obese premenopausal women: relationship with body fat distribution. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 21, 527–535 
6. Bowles, L.K., Cooper, J.A., Howarth, D.J., Miller, G.J. & MacCallum, P.K. (2003) Associations of haemostatic variables with body mass index: a community-based study. Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis, 14, 569–573. 
7. Rosito, G.A., D'Agostino, R.B., Massaro, J., Lipinska, I., Mittleman, M.A., Sutherland, P., Wilson, P.W.F., Levy, D., Muller, J.E. & Tofler, G.H. (2004) Association between obesity and a prothrombotic state: the Framingham Offspring Study. Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 91, 683–689. 
8. Tsai, A.W., Cushman, M., Rosamond, W.D., Heckbert, S.R., Polak, J.F. & Folsom, A.R. (2002) Cardiovascular risk factors and venous thromboembolism incidence: the longitudinal investigation of thromboembolism etiology. Archives of Internal Medicine, 162, 1182–1189. 
9. Pomp, Elisabeth R., et al. "Risk of venous thrombosis: obesity and its joint effect with oral contraceptive use and prothrombotic mutations." British journal of haematology 139.2 (2007): 289-296. 

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